A reproduction of an advertisement which is viewed before actual publication and is created by an advertiser for special purposes, e.g., to serve as retail displays or to gain support from retailers.

Testing an advertisement or an audience sample prior to placing the ad in the media.

Advertising designed for the generic product category, as opposed to selective demand advertising.

Product brand owned by a retailer, wholesaler, dealer, or merchant, as opposed to a manufacturer or producer, and bearing its own company name or another name it owns exclusively. Also referred to as Private label.

Barters of merchandise given as prizes on television or radio shows in return for mentions of the brand names of the merchandise donated.